Promoting Climate Smart Agriculture for Food Security under Changing Rainfall Patterns

Abstract

Changing rainfall patterns due to climate change pose critical challenges to food security in Pakistan, where agriculture contributes significantly to the economy and employment. Climate‑Smart Agriculture (CSA) offers integrated approaches to enhance productivity, resilience, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through sustainable practices tailored to local conditions. This article examines the principles and applications of CSA in Pakistan, focusing on adaptive crop management, water‑efficient technologies, soil conservation, and policy frameworks that address variability in precipitation. We analyze case studies, discuss barriers to adoption, and propose strategies to scale CSA for improved food security and climate resilience. A conceptual graph illustrates projected crop yield stability under CSA adoption compared to conventional practices across varied rainfall scenarios. The article concludes with recommendations to strengthen institutional support, extension services, and farmer participation in CSA adoption.