Carbon Management and Low Carbon Transition Pathways: A Comparative Evaluation of Emission Reduction Strategies in Developing Economies

Abstract

Climate change poses a critical challenge to sustainable development, particularly in developing economies where carbon emissions are rising due to industrial expansion, urbanization, and energy transitions. This article conducts a comparative evaluation of carbon management frameworks and low carbon transition strategies adopted by developing economies, with a specific focus on Pakistan’s mitigation policies, renewable energy adoption, and financial mechanisms for decarbonization. The study synthesizes empirical evidence and policy assessments to highlight key pathways that can align national emission trajectories with international climate targets. It examines technological, economic, and policy interventions and proposes actionable strategies to enhance carbon governance and build climate resilience. Findings indicate that while renewable energy integration and carbon markets show potential for emissions reductions, institutional challenges and financing gaps persist, requiring targeted reforms and international cooperation.